Free Essays on Minerals

Pollution Essays - Waste Management, Waste, Environmental Toxicology

Contamination Essays - Waste Management, Waste, Environmental Toxicology Contamination Contamination is the presentation of hurtful substances or items into nature. It is a significant issue in America and just as the world. Contamination harms nature, however harms us moreover. It has cause numerous issues extending from lung malignancy to the nursery impact. It is all among us and however we keep on living in our own rottenness. What is the explanation for this imperfect rationale? In this paper I will analyze the issues and answers for this issue. Vehicles are obvious the best wellspring of contamination. The commotion contamination made via vehicles is monstrous. Another contaminating impact of vehicles is the warmth it makes. This warmth makes it undesirable to be close to the vehicle while its running. Furthermore, obviously the most renowned of the vehicles shades of malice is the fumes. The harmful exhaust radiated as a side-effect of the ignition motor are gradually crumbling our lungs and our air. The fumes is amazingly poisonous to individuals. Yet, for what reason do we do keep on driving these strolling time bombs. A few people will say it is encouraging, yet the lion's share drives it for the comfort. Why walk four miles in four hours when you can travel similar miles shortly? Another mainstream wellspring of waste is the post-buyer showcase. American residents discard a great many huge amounts of trash every year, and this refuse needs to head off to some place. While there are ventures in progress to clean and reuse this reject a large portion of it gets dumped into enormous landfills. These landfills are sickening putrefying rankles on our nation's scene. In any case, individuals proceed to devour and discard increasingly more for the sake of comfort. Through their eyes, when things get old, discard it and get another one. They reprimand the legislature for the rubbish issue, however reality fault ought to be set on themselves. The last incredible wellspring of contamination lays in the organizations. In spite of the fact that not normal, organizations have been known to dump their waste items into streams, lakes, and waterways. This may appear to be a moderately little event that truly isn't your anxiety, however you're off-base. Each time one of these organizations contaminates there are repulsive outcomes to pay. Transformations, decimated biological systems, and human demise have all happened as an immediate aftereffect of illicit dumping. It sullies our drinking water and soil. It causes whole networks of people (also creatures) to proceed onward to new places not to return for at any rate a century. The toxins dumped by industry are concentrated to the point that a solitary barrel can devastate a whole lake's biological system. In addition to the fact that companies dump synthetic substances, yet in addition high temp water. This boiling water slaughters most life it comes into contact with, yet in ad dition motivations an excess of green growth that covers the outside of the lake, or lake, and obstructs the light from arriving at the base. This implies the vegetation can't develop, which mean the little microscopic organisms and different microorganisms can't develop which means fish can't take care of which implies the environment bites the dust. Contamination like some other issue can be settled, yet this is a long procedure. People can do their part to spare nature just as themselves. Rather than driving, carpool, take the transport or some other technique for mass travel. This will eliminate contamination made via vehicles every year, also your gas bill. With regards to the refuse issue, set aside the effort to sort your junk and spot it in the suitable reusing canisters. By reusing we decrease the measure of waste heaped onto the landfills. With respect to utilization, focus on how the items you purchase are fabricated and how they are bundled. Stay away from those items made in 'unpleasant' manners towards our mom earth. In the event that an item empowers the devastation of land, or is of totally no utilization don't get it. Lastly voice your assessment in the surveys. On the off chance that every individual did their part, we will make a superior world for ourselves just as our youngsters. July 27, 1998 English 1A

Welding Essay Topics

Welding Essay TopicsWelding Essay Topics have changed over the years as technology and development advances. The only problem is you don't want to bore your potential employers with information you already know. The new welding essay topics are just as interesting as the old ones. Whether it's the energy topics, electronics, hardware, or all of the above, they're all available for use.The first thing you need to do is locate a location to write your paper from the proper sample document. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association offers sample documents for the current generation. These will assist you in writing your essay properly. The prices range from $19.95 to $49.95 depending on what materials you buy and where you purchase them. The samples should be used as an example on how to write.Another place to go to is eBay to find literature on how to format your paper. These websites provide writing assistance and offer sample essays along with great prices. Be sure to order t he correct paper at a decent price to avoid confusion. Reading through the guidelines will provide you a better understanding of the basics of writing a welding essay topic.There is also the online service of PrepScholar. They offer interactive articles that enable you to present the information you already know. You can access articles and assignments at your fingertips to help you get your words on paper and in the right sequence. What's more, you can review and revise them whenever you like without having to worry about paying for the results.When writing your welding essay topics, it is essential to analyze your own abilities and understand the needs of your prospective employer. Make sure that you write on paper. That way you will be able to assess yourself and if your written capabilities will aid you in getting the job. This will keep you from struggling in the interview process and will give you the confidence to move forward.Many people choose to pursue electrical courses b ecause it provides employment options. You'll find it beneficial to prepare a list of topics you want to cover when you write your essay. For instance, you can use the term 'electronics' as your welding essay topic. This is not only exciting but it also gives you specific information you can include.You can also discuss the electric power generator you have that you use for your home and how it works. What you write is up to you. You'll be surprised at how much you can incorporate into your essay. You can start with the topic you know well or select a topic you have not done much research on.If you have the time, check out the local library to find the appropriate books you need. Good bookstores often have professional writers available to assist you. If you've never done much research before, it's good to remember that it's not always necessary to do so. Use your own knowledge and learn about the subject you plan to write about.

How to Use Faire and Rendre in French

If youre making something and want to say so in French, which verb do you use, faire  or rendre? This is more complicated than it may seem, because to make can be translated into French in a number of ways. These two verbs are the most common and each has rules governing when and how to use them.   General Usage If youre speaking about making something in a very general sense, then you should use  faire. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je fais un gà ¢teauIm making a cakeFais ton litMake your bedIl a fait une erreurHe made a mistake The same rule applies when implying causality:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cela  ma  fait  penserThat made me thinkIl me  fait  faire  la  vaisselleHes making me do the dishesTo make in the sense of producing something is fabriquer, while in the sense of building its construire. To talk about forcing someone to do something (e.g., Make me!), use obliger or forcer. Special Cases Things get a little more complicated if you are describing how something makes you feel. In these cases, you should use  faire when its followed by a noun in French, and rendre when its followed by an adjective. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cela me fait malThat makes me feel pain. That hurts (me).Tu me fais honte !You make me feel so ashamed!Cette pensà ©e fait peurThat thought makes me scared. Its a frightening thought.   Ã‚  Cela me rend heureuxThat makes me happy.Le poisson ma rendu maladeThe fish made me sick.Cest à   te rendre fouIts enough to make/drive you crazy. There are some exceptions, of course. For the following nouns, you need to use the verb donner:   Ã‚  donner soif à   quelquunto make someone thirstydonner faim à   quelquunto make someone hungrydonner froid à   quelquunto make someone (feel) colddonner chaud à   quelquunto make someone (feel) hotBecause all of the above are adjectives in English, you might have a little trouble deciding if the French word is a noun or an adjective. The solution is to think about which French verb it needs to mean to be. Nouns need avoir (avoir mal, avoir soif) while adjectives need à ªtre (à ªtre heureux, à ªtre malade). Other Verbs Many expressions that include to make in English are translated by completely different verbs in French: to make angry fà ¢cher to make an appointment donner/prendre rendez-vous to make believe (pretend) faire semblant to make a decision prendre une dà ©cision to make do se dà ©brouiller to make friends/enemies se faire des amis/ennemis to make the grade y arriver to make (someone) late mettre quelqu'un en retard to make a meal prà ©parer un rà ©pas to make money gagner de l'argent to make sure s'assurer, và ©rifier to make tired fatiguer to make up (invent) inventer, fabriquer(after a fight) se rà ©concilier(with cosmetics) se maquiller

Legalizing marijuana - 1092 Words

Legalizing Marijuana The issue of legalizing marijuana, also known as Cannabis Sativa, has been controversial for a long time, and has become even more so in recent years. Cannabis Sativa is a plant that has been used for a variety of purposes by many cultures for thousands of years. Not only does the Cannabis Sativa plant produce Marijuana, it also produces Hemp. Hemp was used to make food, clothes, shoes, ropes and paper, making it a very useful cash crop. Legal up until 1937, Marijuana was used in America for recreational use, medicinal, and industrial products as well. In the 1960’s the government’s war on all drugs was created putting Marijuana in the same category as Cocaine, Heroin, and Morphine. Today Marijuana remains a†¦show more content†¦Medical use of Marijuana is probably the most discussed topic of the legalizing campaign over the recent years. Some opponents of Marijuana say that it does not have any medical uses at all, and argue that Marijuana is only harmful and should remain illegal. Others for legalization have an opposite view that is starting to gain more recognition as time goes on. Around the late 1990’s, some members of the nation’s medical establishment began to acknowledge marijuana’s potential health benefits. One respected health organization, the Institute of Medicine, released a report in 1999 which stated that â€Å"nausea, appetite loss, pain and anxiety can all be mitigated by marijuana (Medical). In an article Drug Legalization, Advocates of medical marijuana say that in many cases it is the only treatment that has been shown to work. â€Å"It is a very effective medication for people who have failed to get good results from standard medications,† says Ethan Russo, a neurologist who has studied medical marijuana, â€Å"and that is why so many people are devoted to risking their lives and career to get this drug†(Drug). There are many reports that Marijuana can help wi th conditions traditional medicines do not seem to help with. Marijuana has also been a huge help to patients with Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Glaucoma, and Insomnia. With a lot of prescription medicines being expensive, Marijuana would be a cheaper alternative to buy if people chose to do so. Based on research, studies, and experience, IShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Marijuana2983 Words   |  12 PagesDecember 3, 2012 The topic of marijuana has been a big topic for the past few years. The United States considers marijuana as a drug, in some other countries they say it is a natural herb that is grown from the ground. The issue at hand is â€Å"should marijuana be legalized?† the congress of the US stay in a constant debate on this subject. Why is the subject of marijuana such in high demand, if the US already considers it a drug? There are many facts that need to be looked at before a finalRead MoreReasons for Legalizing Marijuana841 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Reasons for Legalizing Marijuana Abstract Marijuana can be used by the public for many purposes. Medicine is an important part of our lives and marijuana has been tested to cure cancerous cells as well as help people with their epilepsy. Using marijuana for medical purposes is one major aspect that people should take into consideration for legalizing it. Marijuana’s market has also been brought to many people’s attention because it has been poised to grow faster thanRead MoreThe Battle Of Legalizing Marijuana1289 Words   |  6 Pages Jake Mincher Mrs. Hasty English 1, 1st Hour 4/20/17 The Battle to Legalize Marijuana in the United States The United States is splitting up into two sides with the date of 4/20 coming closer with one wanting the legalization of the plant substance and the other opposing it. According to the United Nations, 158.8 million people around the world use marijuana—more than 3.8% of the planet’s population. Marijuana was legalized on the 20th of April in Colorado in 2014. It has been legalized in variousRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Marijuana1324 Words   |  6 PagesDoes it really come to morality after all? The decision to legalize marijuana has been subject for debate since first introduced in 1969; many arguing the fact that we are sitting on an industry worth an estimated 113 billion dollars. For once we have an opportunity to make a real impact in our economy. We have an aid on â€Å"the war on drugs†. But are we then showing our children that legalizing drugs is really the answer to our problems or does only the big picture mater in the end? Will this bringRead M oreThe Issue Of Legalizing Marijuana1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe issue of Legalizing marijuana is a very controversial topic of modern times. The use of marijuana is all over the media with celebrities doing it and young people in on the craze. Marijuana is the world’s oldest illegal drug, not only that, it is also the drug that is most widely used among society today (Aanstoos, 2015). Different types of people use this drug for a variety of reasons, such as, as a way to disconnect from todays hectic world, something they are peer pressured into, or even medicalRead MoreBoth Sides of Legalizing Marijuana1316 Words   |  5 Pagesof us know, marijuana has been legalized in Washington and Colorado for recreational use. According to polls and predictions, Oregon may be one of the up and coming states to legalize it next. But here comes to question, Should marijuana be legalized? Why or why not? There are many pros and cons to this situation, and they all affect not just our s tate but our country as a whole. That is exactly why I chose this topic. Since middle school, there has been talk about whether marijuana should be legalizedRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use926 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Marijuana in Texas for Recreational Use The well known debate over the legalization of marijuana for recreational use in The United States has been ongoing since 1935. Recently Colorado and Washington have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational use. By doing so, the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana has become more of an issue than it already was and now brings other states to question whether or not they should legalize marijuana (Breecher). Which brings aboutRead MoreThe Debate over Legalizing Marijuana967 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is a drug which is used for recreational purposes as well as medicinal purposes. However, the medicinal use of marijuana has only been suggested in the recent years because previously it was just a drug which used to be exploited by the teenagers, adults and others for their own personal purposes. Many people get arrested for illegal possession of marijuana because it is still illegal to have marijuana despite the ongoing debate of making it legal. There are many people who are againstRead MorePositives and Negatives of Legalizing Marijuana1886 Words   |  8 PagesI have always been against the use of all illegal drugs including marijuana, but while researching this topic, I have learned a lot about some of the positives of legalizing marijuana use. Considering it is classified as an illegal controlled substance, I have always been under the assumption that marijuana was bad for people, no matter what my friends may have said about how good it was. I was peer pressured into trying it when I was fourteen. I knew right away that it was not for me. It madeRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Open Recreational Use1261 Words   |  6 Pagesand use of marijuana for medicinal and/or recreational use. While hotly debated on both sides, one of the more ironic factors regarding the issue of legalization is that it was found to be perhaps the most logically and fairly debated topics of the state’s recent mid-term elections. T he facts of legalization are becoming more black and white and less about morality, which may be a testament to why 24 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws legalizing medicinal marijuana. Of those

Case Study Analysis- International Mraketing Of Nike Inc.

Question: Describe about the Nike Inc, the worlds largest US multinational sports retailer company, based in Beaverton, Oregon, USA? Answer: Introduction: Nike Inc is the worlds largest US multinational sports retailer company, based in Beaverton, Oregon, USA. The company has successfully made its presence by more than 930 retail stores across 190 countries all over the world. The company generally operates as an autonomous distributors and licensees. Majorly, Nike Inc. are spread their operation across six geographic segments: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, North America, Japan, Greater China and Emerging Markets (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014.). Now the company is all set to increase its sales ratio through new stores rollouts and continual digital enhancements and innovation. This report will prepare for the board of directors of Nike Inc. for addressing internal and external factors impacting on the retail market of sports and the market recommendations. The primary focus of the report will discuss the internal and external business environments related to Nike and evaluate potential market for international market expansion. There are two options will be discussed for entering the international market including joint ventures or foreign direct investments. Discussing the suitable international marketing strategies, the report will recommend key areas of marketing mix that needs to be adapted or standardized by the chosen company. Macro Analysis (PESTEL Analysis): Nike Inc is a popular sport retail brand and recognized as the premium manufacturer of footwear, sports accessories, apparel for athletics and other equipments. In this section the external business environment of Nike will discuss the threats and future business opportunities in the macro or remote environment. Political Factors: The sport business of Nike has influenced by political factors (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013).The company has been fortunate because the government of US has already enforced several policies which will foster its growth of the business (Nike.com 2016). Nike enjoys low rates of interest and steady exchange rates and competitive tax provisions which helps it immensely to advance its growth. The government has already taken initiatives to make transparent global value chain business. However, Nike Inc faces critical political issue in nations such as Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. All countries are already suffered from political unrest. Furthermore, the trade protection policies in certain nation have also adverse effect on sales and services of Nike. Some of the political factors determine related to the Nikes business which includes political stability in major of the global markets, increasing open policies for trade, and improving several national governments support for infrastr ucture. Economic Factors: Like majority of the consumer facing firms, Nike faced difficulties due to challenging trading conditions since the financial crises of 2008-2009 and contingent economic slowdown. This situation has applied in both the Asia Pacific region and Western markets. However, the company bears the accountability of being the prominent manufacturer of sports apparel and footwear and generated revenue by raising 5 percent to $7.8 billion up 13 percent in the year of 2015 (Nike.com 2016). Nike Inc is also believes in overseas economy. A weak Asian and Euro recession is going to be a biggest setback for the company. However, the global market would be able to help Nike in times of recession and its sales havent suffered much. In short, the economic external environment is significant in determining the performance of Nike which include factors like developed markets economic stability, Emerging growth of emergent markets, and decelerated economy of China Nike Inc finds countries like the United States are moderately stable and it provides many opportunities (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). However, the company finds slow but stable growth in these countries. There are many high-growth developing countries, ensures rapid growth in the developing market, however escalating labor costs in the supply chain of the company and production facilities is indeed a matter of concern. Socio-cultural Factors: Due to growing preoccupation with health and fitness, Nike Inc has been constantly evaluating themselves in the emerging market. However, the company previously faced many issues regarding the rising demand from its CSR. On the other part of the global world, the company finds challenges such as constantly changing globalized framework, political consumerism which influences in the opportunities of the trans-national companies which are outsides regulatory powers of national governments (Nike.com 2016). However, there are several positive socio-cultural factors such as increasing wealth in the developing countries individually, intention of giving more emphasis on safety of the product, and emerging consciousness of sports and health-fitness. Technological Factors: This sport retail business is constantly transformed according to technologies available for business processes. However, more given efforts on RD investments among others firms threaten Nike Inc as they build up more technologically advanced apparel, shoes, and equipments. Thus, rising obsolescence in the technological field also threatens the company by putting pressure to increase its product development efforts (Nike.com 2016). On the contrary, Nike finds several enthusiastic market opportunities by using mobile technologies for their products to capture consumers who frequently use such apps and mobile tools. In this context, various technological factors are found which significantly affects Nike Inc. Such factors include increased RD efforts among other firms, fast technological obsolescence and demand of advanced technologies. Environmental Factors: Larger implications of environmental law create opportunities for Nike Inc (Nike.com 2016). These improve the sustainability of the business activities that can easily address climate change. There are various ecological or environmental factors are notable such as growing laws for environment, climate change and rising sustainability strategies among firms. Legal Factors: There are various legal considerations are significant in the retail sport manufacturers like Nike such as improving law implications across the developing countries , rising consumer laws in developing countries and larger application of health and safety regulations. Micro Analysis (using Porters Value chain): How organization creates values it is always a significant business consideration. The value that has created and captured by a firm is the profit margin. Porters value chain is important for discussing the internal business environment of Nike Inc. Using this technique, the report will identify how inputs of Nike are changed into the purchase of outputs by consumers. (Source: Fearne, Garcia Martinez and Dent 2012) Inbound logistics There are various factors are included in the Nikes inbound logistic such as Nike purchased their raw materials in bulk from the local market. Being famous as local logistics providers, the company has been engaged in importation of specialized materials and successfully maintained its inventory. Operations: The company is engaged in various operations such as outsourcing, manufacturing sports equipments, designing (RD), technical innovation, Outbound Logistics The company is known for its strong control over worldwide distribution channel and J-I-T delivery system. Marketing and Sales High brand reputation and recognition have already been achieved worldwide by the company. For this reasons, the company has easily make strategies for value based pricing and price advantages. Sometimes, the company used aggressive marketing strategies as well. Service The company cares for customers and their demands Nike has given more importance in after sales service and value added services. Market Evaluation: In this section, there are four countries are chosen to analyze the potential international markets. These four countries include Finland, Cyprus, Indonesia and Australia. By using 12C framework, the market potentiality will be evaluated through different perspective. 12C framework Finland Cyprus Indonesia Australia Country i) Finland has open market policies that supports dynamic investment and trade ii) Over the past five years, the country has undergone slowdown and uncertainty. i) Cyprus has moderately free market and economic policy of the nation are mainly focused on the fiscal discipline, structural reforms and privatization i) Various reformation has been addressed the nations structural weaknesses and improve competitiveness ii) Indonesias growth potential has become static due to inefficient legal and investment structure of the country i) The country holds the largest mixed market economy with GDP of AUD$1.62 trillion as of 2015 ii) The nations economy is dominated by its service sector Channels Import-oriented distribution structure (traditional) Retail channel of distribution pattern Alternative middle man choices preferred Import-oriented distribution structure (traditional) Commitment Non-corrupted transparent international market, limited government interference, regulatory efficiencies and huge labor market availability commits huge open market exposure Scarcity of efficient skilled labor and hugely government interference discourages the business structural flexibility. Furthermore, the country faced the long term financial instability due to global recession High availability of skilled labor Low business freedom and restricted labor freedom decreases the regulatory deficiencies and level of nations commitment Being positioned as 12th largest national economy, Australia provides huge international market where skilled labors are available at the higher rates. Currency The foreign currency does not fluctuate much against the home currency of Finland. This is the reason the countries inflation rate is 1.2 percent (Chung, Lu Wang and Huang 2012). However, the country currency has undergone economic slowdown and uncertainty, but this has been improving day by day due to government generates equal exposure of foreign and domestic investors and financial system remains competitive. Low inflation rate indicates low currency fluctuation but the financial system has experienced strains and uncertainty High inflation rate (6.4 percent) ensures currency volatility and uncertainty of loss of the business Australian dollar dips against the US currency and fell below 70 US cents. Furthermore, high inflation rate is threatening the economic conditions of the country and discourages FDI as well. Communication Preferred transparent communication maintains during the establishment of the international business Mixed communication patterns have been followed Mixed communication patterns have been followed Transparent communication and negotiation has been maintained between domestic and foreign country. Capacity to pay Due to have a huge monetary freedom and stable economic growth ensures higher capacity to pay Low capacity to pay by domestic business participants Moderate capacity Mixed capacity Contractual Obligation Less moderate higher less Choices (Media) Advertising Personal selling Advertising Advertising Consumption High demand for retail sport industry ensures huge consumption demand (Shank and Lyberger 2014) Low consumption patterns Low consumption High consumption Concentration (of markets) Selling abroad by concentrating limited nationalities Selling abroad by concentrating limited nationalities with same cultural background International business will concentrate demands of the different groups International business will concentrate demands of the different groups due to availability of various cultural backgrounds Caveats (legal applicability) Low High Moderate High Culture/Consumer behavior High preferences of sport apparels and accessories Low preferences of sport apparels and accessories Low preferences of sport apparels and accessories Moderate preferences of sport apparels and accessories (Source: Created by author) Recommended Market Based on the 12C framework, this has been observed that Finland has the highest business opportunity for the business of Nike Inc. Finland has already benefited open-market policies that support investment and international trade as well. By exploring international business, Nike Inc will get encouraging regulatory business environment which maintains high degree of sustainable competitiveness. The reason behind recommending this market is Finlands efficient legal framework that strongly upholds the rule of laws and ensures the minimum tolerance for corruption. Furthermore, the recommended nation has the stable economic condition which largely encourages new market entry. However, businesses need to take a firm strategic decision about the suitable market entry strategy either joint venture or foreign direct investments to gain the overseas distribution into proposed market. On the other hand, large consumers or cultural background of Finland have shown their keen interest in fashion able sports apparels and accessories which are delivered by sports retail companies like Nike Inc (Brohi et al. 2016). Thus Finland would be the most favorable place for the international business expansion of Nike. Joint Venture or FDI as the market entry strategy There are various market entry modes practiced by organizations including exporting, licensing, joint venture or direct investment. This section will investigate either joint venture or FDI- as the most suitable market entry strategy for Nike Inc to gain the overseas distribution into the market of Finland. By the selection of Joint venture as the suitable market entry strategy, there are five common objectives would be accomplished by the chosen foreign business (Shah 2015). This includes successful market entry, reward/risk sharing, technology sharing; qualify for joint product development and meeting the regulatory requirements. However, several strategic issues could be faced by the proposed business due to various reason such as less proprietary knowledge, performance ambiguity, conflicts between culture, lack of parent firm support, conflicts over disoriented new investment and many others. On the other hand, foreign direct investment is all about direct ownership of facilities in the recommended country like Finland. By this market entry mode, Nike would be involved in transfer of resources such as personnel, technology, capital and many more. Though the nation has huge labor market availability, this would be an added advantage for the international business like Nike. This indicates low requirement of the human capital during the establishment of Nikes business in Finland. Here it is recommended to involve in direct market investment through the establishment of the new business enterprise. This market entry mode is the most suitable because it will give the company a high degree of control in their operations and the ability to better know the customers of Finland and competitive environment (Blery and Kakokefalos 2014). This would be perfect because Nike has a high level of resources and kwon for its high degree of commitment in other parts of the world (Moosa 2016 ). Therefore, FDI should be chosen by Nike as an appropriate market entry strategy to gain overseas distribution into the market of Finland. Recommendation for key areas of the marketing mix: Before entering into the foreign market, businesses need to decide the proposed market mix specifically the consideration of the factors like product, price, people and promotional strategies. To make the efforts more standardized, the following considerations must be followed: Price: To capture the international market, Nike needs to fix their products price as reasonable. Low price would not be possible because the company has already achieved the brand reputation across the other nations. Though the retail sports market is less competitive in Finland, the company could use the Skimming pricing strategy while entering into the market of Finland. In that case, the firm will set an higher price and then slowly lowers the price to make the product available for the wider audiences. Product: Nikes products are already popular among sports lovers. Therefore, the company should maintain their brand image by delivering same quality product in different parts of the nation. People: High profile consumers along with young sport lovers are the main targeted people for this new business establishment. Promotion: Nike would promote their products by different advertising strategies such as website promotions, media promotions and so on. In this way, the company can establish international market in different parts of the world and generate more revenues in the long run. References: Blery, E.K. and Kakokefalos, G., 2014. Marketing Footwear: A Case Study from Greece. Research in Business and Management, 1(1), pp.90-104. Brohi, H., Khubchandani, R., Prithiani, J., Abbas, Z., Bhutto, A.H. and Chawla, S.K., 2016. Strategic Marketing Plan of Nike. Chung, H.F., Lu Wang, C. and Huang, P.H., 2012. A contingency approach to international marketing strategy and decision-making structure among exporting firms. International Marketing Review, 29(1), pp.54-87. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013. International marketing. Cengage Learning. Fearne, A., Garcia Martinez, M. and Dent, B., 2012. Dimensions of sustainable value chains: implications for value chain analysis. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(6), pp.575-581. Gilligan, C. and Hird, M., 2012. International marketing: strategy and management (Vol. 17). Routledge. Kapoor, A., 2014. Competition Mapping and Market Analysis for Sportswear. NIFt. Moosa, I., 2016. Foreign direct investment: theory, evidence and practice. Springer. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014. Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Priem, R.L. and Swink, M., 2012. A demand side perspective on supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(2), pp.7-13. Shah, K.U., 2015. Choice and control of international joint venture partners to improve corporate environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 89, pp.32-40. Shani, D. and Chalasani, S., 2013. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing. Journal of Services Marketing. Shank, M.D. and Lyberger, M.R., 2014. Sports marketing: A strategic perspective. Routledge. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012. International marketing. Naper Press. Verbeke, A., 2013. International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. www.nike.com, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.nike.com [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].

Who is John Galt free essay sample

For Brown University I have been moved by many words in literature. I have been moved by â€Å"everything illuminated† as well as things â€Å"extremely loud and incredibly close.† I have been called to a â€Å"great rucksack revolution† by the same man who told me â€Å"love is a duel,† something I have never stopped believing. Once, a young woman named Sylvia whispered to me, â€Å"The world is but a bad dream,† so I wondered for days how to wake from it. Just as Sylvia and Kerouac and Jonathan Safran Foer, Ayn Rand once moved me as well. When I first read Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged, I ran the name John Galt over and over in my mind. You might say I savored it with a wine connoisseur’s palate, feeling out each corner of the name and trying to imagine how Ayn Rand conceived of the man behind it. I envisioned her sitting with a notebook and the words â€Å"John Galt† written on an otherwise blank page. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is John Galt? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She must have stared at the name, wondering where it came from and asking herself, â€Å"Who is John Galt?† And so, with that first line, Atlas Shrugged was born all 1,084 pages of it. I was only a few hundred pages in when my plane began its descent to Charles de Gaulle Airport. As I watched the French landscape rise to greet me, the woman next to me leaned over and whispered, â€Å"Who is John Galt?† At this time, I had only 300 pages of not knowing the answer to offer her. Not only did she speak to me in a rich French accent, but she possessed the secret that would keep me restless for another 700 pages. It took only a few days to settle into Paris. It took only two weeks to find John Galt. I read voraciously. The Metro traveled from the Cluny to the Louvre and I would read for those precious seven minutes. I read at the fountains near the Pompidou Centre, where I believe a part of my soul is still hidden behind an abstract painting but that is a story for another time. I sat in Rodin’s Garden and tried to look like a beautiful intellectual, which worked until I leaned against my bag and ruptured my bottle of orange juice. I shouted to the streets outside and below my hotel room, â€Å"Who is John Galt?† but I was lost in translation and the noise of my city. An elderly Italian man across the narrow street from my room yelled back, â€Å"Buon giorno!† and I wondered if I were so lost in translation after all as I called back, â€Å"Bonjour!† One might say that John Galt was my Paris tour guide. Finally, while sitting in the Luxembourg Gardens, I found John Galt. He was tall and gaunt in my head. Perhaps attractive would be an inappropriate word but he certainly could never be missed much like the Montparnasse Tower that somewhat blights the view of the Gardens. I decided that John Galt was in every face I had seen in Paris. In France. In all my life. If John Galt represents the motor of the world, then traces of him can be found in every person I have ever encountered because they are all part of the schematics that Rand loved so dearly. More than that, with John Galt as my guide, I had spent two weeks breathing in man’s achievement in art, architecture, and chocolate banana crepes. I spent a full 20 minutes admiring the way man had taken steel and rivets and fashioned them to be as elegant as lace. Have you noticed that about the Eiffel Tower? You can never tell from pictures, just as you can never fathom the magnitude of the Arc de Triomphe until you have stood beneath it and gazed up. I took John Galt to see the Foucault Pendulum and silently congratulated man on finding the motion of the Earth’s rudder. It was in these moments, in the moments of appreciation for man and man’s achievement, that I found the answer to Ayn Rand’s eternal question: â€Å"For neither do men live nor die in vain† ( H. G. Wells). Maybe it was the cafe culture, the countless museums or parks or sidewalk painters that made me appreciate the singularity of man and his achievements. Or, perhaps, it was John Galt clutched in my hand while floating down the Seine toward a sparkling tower of graceful steel. Certainly, 1,084 pages later, steel rivets and swinging pendulums seemed equal in majesty to marble statues and canvas portraits. Not only have I now found John Galt, I have also acquired a Randian appreciation for all things that man has been and all things that man has yet to become.

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Film Based on Shakespeares Coriolanus Opens2/14 Never heard of William Shakespeares Coriolanus? Youre not alone. In Shakespeares day, it was never performed. Today it is rarely, if ever, staged or taught.   But soon, two of Hollywoods most respected actors, Ralph Fiennes and Vanessa Redgrave, will try to rectify that situation.   T. S. Eliot once called Coriolanus Shakespeares greatest tragic achievement, superior even, in his opinion, to Hamlet and Antony and Cleopatra. Coriolanus is set in Rome just after the fall of the Tarquin kings. The country is in turmoil; grain is being withheld from the people. In the rioting that follows, Cominius proves himself to be a courageous warrior. For his bravery, he is given the name Coriolanus. At the urging of his mother, Coriolanus runs for Roman Senate and handily wins. At first, it appears that he has won the hearts and loyalty of the commoners as well. However, two opponents of Coriolanuss rule manipulate the plebeians and start a new riot. Coriolanus reacts badly. He goes into to a tirade against majority rule, saying that allowing the masses a voice is the equivalent of allowing crows to peck at the crown. Coriolanus is subsequently banished from Rome. He begins to plot vengeance. However, a peace treaty is eventually negotiated. Coriolanus then returns to Rome, only to be murdered for his betrayal.   Ralph Fiennes, who also directed the film, calls Coriolanus a collision between leadership and people. Coriolanus opens in wide release on February 14, 2012. Here is the trailer. If you go see it, please leave us a note and tell us what you think of the film. Is Eliot right? Or has the story of Coriolanus been justifiably ignored?

Syndetonâ€Definition and Examples

Syndetons Syndeton is a  rhetorical term for a sentence style in which words, phrases, or clauses are joined by conjunctions (usually and). A construction that uses many conjunctions is called polysyndetic. Examples and Observations At the marina, rain, and steam rising from the bay shrouded boats and birds, and made the few scurrying people indistinct.Blaize Clement, Raining Cat Sitters and Dogs. Minotaur Books, 2010I crawled back under the cover of the boat and huddled there, wet, cold and sobbing.Sam McKinney, Sailing Uphill. Touchwood, 2010The fine rain made a desolate, even sound like breathing in the pinewoods, and below, milky layers of mist covered the lake, and were stained here and there by the darkness of the water beneath.Elizabeth Bowen, Salon des DamesYou are talking to a man who has laughed in the face of death, sneered at doom, and chuckled at catastrophe.The Wizard in The Wizard of Oz, 1939Rain on all the silent streets and squares, alleys and courts, gardens and churchyards and stone steps and nooks and crannies of the city.Susan Hill, The Mist in the Mirror. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992 Polysyndeton​​ He and Rawlins had unsaddled the horses and turned them out in the dark and they were lying on the saddle blankets and using the saddles for pillows. The night was cold and clear and the sparks rising from the fire raced hot and red among the stars. They could hear the trucks out on the highway and they could see the lights of the town reflected off the desert fifteen miles to the north.Cormac McCarthy, All the Pretty Horses. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992 Marking Coordination Coordination is usually but not invariably marked by one or more coordinators. Three patterns to be distinguished are shown in (6): (6) i SIMPLE SYNDETIC You need [celery, apples, walnuts, and grapes].(6) ii POLYSYNDETIC You need [celery and apples and walnuts and grapes].(6) iii ASYNDETIC You need [celery, apples, walnuts, grapes]. The major contrast is between syndetic coordination, which contains at least one coordinator, and asyndetic coordination, which does not. In constructions with more than two coordinates, there is a further contrast within syndetic coordination between the default simple syndetic, which has a single coordinator marking the final coordinate, and polysyndetic, where all non-initial coordinates are marked by a coordinator (which must be the same for all of them). The coordinator forms a constituent with the coordinator which follows: we refer to expressions like and grapes as an expanded coordinate, with grapes itself a bare coordinate.Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, Coordination and Subordination. The Handbook of English Linguistics, ed. by Bas Aarts and April M. S. McMahon. Blackwell, 2006

Indian Cuisine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Indian Cuisine - Research Paper Example Although India is famous for its spices, some of its most important spices, including a few that are fundamental not only to cuisine but also to local healing traditions, are exotic. They include turmeric, garlic, ginger, fenugreek, asafetida, and cinnamon. Certain cultural perspectives contribute to India’s diversity and uniqueness in the matter of food (Nandy, 11). Contemporary forces of international business integration have picked up the themes of food as a social rite and food as health. This is to reorganize and formalize the cuisines of all nations in relation to the global needs (9). These advances have stimulated subtle transformations in the cultural features and significance of Indian cuisines. These changes take place regularly outside the array of vision of ethnographers, journalists and nutritionists writing on food or restaurants. Moreover, the conventional ethnographic concerns of food have fused now with a modern, more fluid politics of food in India. These ethnographic concerns of food include the uncontaminated and the impure, commensality and its absence, the cooked and the raw as well as the sanctified and the sacrilegious (Nandy, 10). Unique aspects of the Indian cuisine There are strict rules governing good eating habits in India. One is only allowed to use the right hand during eating. In addition, the palm of the hand should remain dry and clean as only the fingers are used. It considered a poor form of eating to let curry to dribble down the arm. It is right to use the right hand to tear off the pieces of chapatti and wrap them around vegetables and pickles, or use them to scoop curry into one's mouth. Mostly, when one mixes rice with other food, he uses the fingers to eat. Although some people will use a spoon for the accompanying curry, it is not the norm since service of most meals does not include any cutlery. The main use of the left hand is to drink water, to wave away the flies or to help oneself to more food. There is no more use of the right hand after one has started eating because that would be polluting the food everyone will serve from the common pot (Dandekar, 41). India is popular for spices an d herbs, and this greatly contributes to the choice of spices to use during cooking. Most of these spices are chosen mainly because of their medicinal values rather than for flavor. Many of them aid in digestion while others are antiseptic. In addition, most of these spices used in Indian food do not make the food too bland (3). On the other hand, these spices give trace amounts of antioxidants or other chemicals that help in digestion. Others act as effective mouth fresheners that prevent heartburn, curb nausea and help in digestion (Dubey, 4). The most common spice in India especially the southern region is Cumin. In addition, there is use of fruits, which are fried or dry-roasted before usage. Cumin fried in ghee usually flavor the seeds form a crucial part of curry powder and legumes particularly lentils by. The mixture of cumin is set up to savor its sweet and aromatic flavor (Kumar, 49). In recent decades, the South Indian food creations like vada, uthappam, dosai and idli hav e partially outdone the colonial fast food preparations in popularity. In fact, when one talks about Indian fast food, these are the food items that first come to one’

Explain and evaluate Walter Benjamin's statement (made in 1936) about Essay

Explain and evaluate Walter Benjamin's statement (made in 1936) about the aestheticization of politics under German fascism - Essay Example In Benjamin’s opinion, the First World War led to the fascist ideology in Germany in the 1920s, which was a catalyst for the break-out of World War II (Leslie 164). As such, Benjamin used the term â€Å"aesthetics† to explain how the Nazis used the innately artistic traits of everyday life to influence people towards fascist political orientations in Germany (Leslie 164). Considering that aesthetic values focus on the physical representation of beauty, the Nazis under Hitler wanted the Germans to experience the true beauty of Germany that had been corrupted by foreigners, especially the Jews (Leslie 164). According to Spielvogel, the Nazi leadership led the Germans to reject modern art which they labeled as â€Å"Jewish art† particularly that of the Weimar era (158). This rejection of Weimar art was symbolic in that it signified the overthrowal of the Weimar politics, hated by the Germans (Spielvogel 158). â€Å"Modern art† was replaced with the â€Å"new German art† which reflected upon German traditions, thus further uniting the people politically. Other forms of art, such as painting, music, theater, and literature were also used to instill the fascist political ideology in people. Under Hitler architecture was revived, gigantic buildings were built to signify the power of the Germans to the outside world and to also instill confidence in the German people (Spielvogel 161). According to Spielvogel, Hitler was a major propagandist who believed that the myths he held about the superiority of the Germans, and particularly the Aryan race, could be translated to reality (143-144). As such, Hitler used mass rallies to spread propaganda and convince the Germans to follow him. â€Å"Triumph of the will†, a film by Leni Riefenstahl tells the story of the events that unfolded at the Sixth Nuremburg Party Congress in 1934. Central to the film is the rise of Hitler to Chancellor and how he used propaganda to draw crowds to his s ide. As an orator, and a performer, Hitler was able to convince the Germans to follow him all the way to World War II (Spielvogel 127). At the congress, hundreds of thousands of Nazi party members march and salute Hitler, whose cult of personality, by for example calling himself the messiah, had influenced the masses to believe they had to follow him (Spielvogel 133). According to Spielvogel, after 1934, children in school were forced to write compositions in which they compared Hitler to Jesus (134). In the film, while addressing the crowd, Hitler proclaimed â€Å"Ein Volk, Ein Fuhrer, Ein Reich!† which translates to â€Å"one people, one leader, one empire†. As Spielvogel writes, during the 1936 party day at Nuremberg, the crowd was so influenced by Hitler that they started chanting â€Å"we want one leader! Nothing for us! Everything for Germany! Heil Hitler!† (150). Hitler had thus, achieved his mission for uniting the Germans for war. All that remained was for Germany to expand its borders through a war that was technologically-enabled. As a form of art, mechanical reproduction that emerged during the first world war in the form of technological warfare is what shaped fascist politics in Germany. Essentially, technology was the artistic vehicle that fuelled the war led by the Germans. For example, the Nazis assumed total monopoly over the press such that all the content reaching the masses was the Nazi version; any other news was

Free College Essays - Self-discovery in Shes Come Undone by Wally Lamb :: Shes Come Undone

She's Come Undone: Self-discovery  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout She's Come Undone, Wally Lamb emphasizes the importance of self-discovery to one's life. Dolores has several epiphanies throughout the course of the novel, including her realization that all of her failed relationships are not solely her fault. She learns she is worth loving and is capable of surviving on her own. With each discovery about herself, Dolores learns to love herself a little more and blame herself a little less. Dolores' first realization is a sub-conscious one. Right before she tries to commit suicide she telephones her mother's childhood friend Geneva (Lamb 249). This is a cry for help and is her first step towards recovery. Dolores' next discovery comes after a long period of therapy, paid for by Geneva. Dolores' therapist, Dr. Shaw, attempts to rewrite her childhood from the time she was in the womb on. He takes on the role of her mother (268). As her negative childhood memories are replaced by positive ones, Dolores gains a new sense of self-esteem and confidence. She loses all of her extra weight (269). Dolores funnels her energy into creative pursuits like Etch-A-Sketching rather than self-destructive behavior. Eventually she is able to leave Dr. Shaw's care and go into the real world to provide for herself (283). Perhaps Dolores leaves the care of Dr. Shaw too soon. Shortly after getting her own apartment she begins dating Dante. Ashamed of her past, she creates a fictional life story for herself. She lives a lie the whole time she is living with Dante. She writes to her grandmother and falsely describes her marriage. When she catches Dante sleeping with one of his students, she finally wakes up. She realizes that no man is worth the pain of losing her identity, and she also realizes that her identity cannot be defined by the man she is with. After her grandmother's death she finally reveals her true self to Dante. In frustration and anger she tells him all of the events of her past, from her weight problems to her rape to her time spent in a mental institution. She feels completely free for the first time. Dolores' final stage of self-discovery comes with her relationship with Thayer. She realizes that he is what she has truly wanted for her entire life. It is the first time she has found luck and happiness in love.

Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the voluntary activities undertaken by a company to operate in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner. When companies operate in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner, and they do so transparently, it helps them succeed, in particular through encouraging shared value and social license. Management and mitigation of social and environmental risk factors are increasingly important for business success abroad, as the costs to companies of losing that social license, both in terms of share price and the bottom line, may be significant. JOHNSON & JOHNSON is a good example of a company that follows CSR. In 1982, Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol medication commanded 35 per cent of the US over-the-counter analgesic market – representing something like 15 per cent of the company’s profits. Unfortunately, at that point one individual succeeded in lacing the drug with cyanide. Seven people died as a result, and a widespread panic ensued about how widespread the contamination might be. By the end of the episode, everyone knew that Tylenol was associated with the scare. The company’s market value fell by $1bn as a result. When the same situation happened in 1986, the company had learned its lessons well. It acted quickly – ordering that Tylenol should be recalled from every outlet – not just those in the state where it had been tampered with. Not only that, but the company decided the product would not be re-established on the shelves until something had been done to provide better product protection. As a result, Johnson & Johnson developed the tamperproof packaging that would make it much more difficult for a similar incident to occur in future. The cost was a high one. In addition to the impact on the company’s share price when the crisis first hit, the lost production and destroyed goods as a  result of the recall were considerable. However, the company won praise for its quick and appropriate action. Having sidestepped the position others have found themselves in – of having been slow to act in the face of consumer concern – they achieved the status of consumer champion. Within five months of the disaster, the company had recovered 70% of its market share for the drug – and the fact this went on to improve over time showed that the company had succeeded in preserving the long term value of the brand. In fact, there is some evidence that it was rewarded by consumers who were so reassured by the steps taken that they switched from other painkillers to Tylenol. The features that made Johnson & Johnson’s handling of the crisis a success included the following: †¢They acted quickly, with complete openness about what had happened, and immediately sought to remove any source of danger based on the worst case scenario – not waiting for evidence to see whether the contamination might be more widespread †¢Having acted quickly, they then sought to ensure that measures were taken which would prevent as far as possible a recurrence of the problem †¢They showed themselves to be prepared to bear the short term cost in the name of consumer safety. That more than anything else established a basis for trust with their customers. Johnson & Johnson published their own form of an â€Å"ethics oath† entitled †Our Credoâ€Å", as a way to communicate the mission, vision and accountability that Johnson & Johnson holds itself to for a variety of groups- doctors, nurses, patients, mothers, fathers, employees, those in the communities they operate in, as well as the global community and company stockholders. The Credo was created in 1943 by Robert Wood Johnson, a member of the founding family of the Johnson and Johnson Company. It was created just before the company became a publicly traded entity and long before the term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† was used for accountability in the workplace. On the Johnson and Johnson corporate website, they state that: â€Å"Our Credo challenges us to put the needs and well-being of the people we serve first. Our Credo is more  than just a moral compass- we believe it’s a recipe for business success. As a key player in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry, Johnson & Johnson understands the responsibility they have when it comes to providing safe products to their consumers, as the risks tied to faulty products within this industry are particularly sensitive.† As a refresher, here are some of the benefits of having your employees publicly recite an ethics oath: †¢Positive Brand Value †¢Increase in Commitment From Employees †¢Perception + Expectation= Reality †¢EVERYONE is Accountable Many companies use storytelling and the mission of previous company leaders as a way to inspire employees and get them on board when working towards company goals. In the case of Johnson and Johnson, the importance of â€Å"Our Credo† has been evident since conception, and continues to play a signifiacnt role in the company today. When looking at the above benefits that an ethics oath can provide a company, Johnson and Johnson has been able to experience the rewards associated with each of these benefits. The story of Johnson and Johnson’s â€Å"Our Credo† is a great example of the positive impact a corporate ethics oath can have on a company.

Institutional and Individual Racism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2000 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? According to Jorge L. A. Garcia, we view racism as a malicious, racially based disregard for the welfare of certain people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Institutional and Individual Racism" essay for you Create order He describes it simply and specifically as a hatred for another’s wellness, due to their race. Viewing racism in this way fundamentally concerns the â€Å"heart† of the racist, referring to his or her sentiments and attitudes. He believes that racism as an act is racist to the extent that a racist heart corrupts the absolute manner of the racist. An institution, on the other hand, is racist to the degree that it is founded and established with racist attitudes that produces racist-infected thoughts and actions presented by its originators or fellow supporters. Furthermore when viewing racism in this way, Garcia suggests that this connection and their intentions, clarifies why racism is always immoral. He further explains that it’s immorality originates from being against the virtues of benevolence and justice towards a specific race. This could mean that one might not feel hatred for someone, but merely indifferent. Exclusively from a third-persons perspective, an understanding of someone’s beliefs about race is necessary for determining whether their ill-will is racial or not. Likewise, he also states that the definition of racism must include that racism is inheritably wrong. Throughout time, the meaning and use of racism has changed. Garcia states that many respected individuals such as Mills and Flew have changed their definitions and conception of racism over time. This can become problematic as it is important to have a clear conception of racism in mind as we need to know its core principles before we can truly decide if it is definitively immoral or not. As racism is generally widely accepted to be immoral already, having a clear conception is important in order to rectify racism and rid its immoral nature from our society. When looking deeper into Garcia’s precise interpretations of racism, his account is based off of four main characteristics: (1) volitional, (2) virtue ethical, (3) non-doxastic, and (4) individualistic. Garcia justifies his volitional theory of racism, as it is done of one’s own free will. One’s racist acts are done of one’s own free will and done intentionally, with the inability to â€Å"hide behind† other misinterpreted meanings (since they are done purposefully). It is important to be able to understand how a volitional racist expresses himself so that we can identify their actions on the basis of ill will towards others. This allows us to be able to call an act or situation racist. Garcia declares that racism is virtue ethical as racist individuals are not naturally born racist. They have been brought up to believe in racist beliefs and therefore their natural â€Å"pure heart† has been corrupted. Racism is thought to be non-doxastic as it is not necessarily concerning the beliefs and truths of a particular individual or distinct race, but further regarding their feelings and motivations. Garcia’s last account states that racism arises and stems from the individual. He believes the institution or system can inclusively drive racist policies, however those racist policies all originate from the individuals who created and/or run the institution. Racism can spread from individual hearts to inevitably contaminate institutions with their opinions, deliberations, and actions. With this in mind, Garcia discusses that institutional racism instigates when racism spreads from the heart of individual people to institutions. Therefore, institutional racism initiates from social groups or individuals who control behavioral norms. These customs support ignorant racist views and actions merely because of someone’s skin color, culture background, or ethnic origin. In particular, the most notable example of institutional racism in the United States is arguably Slavery. This manifestation began in the colonies in 1619 when the first boat of slaves arrived in Virginia. The process of discrimination started modestly and quickly progressed from the people as they actively purchased and traded slaves. States then slowly started to recognize this evident practice legalizing it in each colony, and entirely institutionalizing nearby states as the interest in Slavery spread across the borders. Similar to Garcia, Tommie Shelby and Charles Mills have other distinctive verdicts on the philosophical discussion topic of Racism, specifically Garcia’s volitional account. Shelby reflects on Garcia’s volitional account, and states that this account of racism is wrong. Shelby does not believe that racist beliefs themselves are both necessary and sufficient to be racist. One does not need to necessarily be intentionally partaking in racist acts to be racist. In Shelby’s article, Is Racism in the â€Å"Heart†?, Shelby goes over the example where a young woman was brought up learning that African Americans are â€Å"naturally violent, irresponsible, and indolent.† Even with these beliefs, she doesn’t hold any ill will towards African Americans as she believes that it is in their very nature and justly not their wrongdoing. However, as she matures and ages, these beliefs affect her perceptive on discrimination as a juror, hiring or giving out lo ans against African Americans even though she has no ill will in her decision making. Her choices may all have good intentions as she believes she is doing good in distributing justice and making financially responsible decisions for her company, where no ill will is considered in her decisions. According to Garcia, this woman is not a racist as she had a â€Å"pure heart† and no ill will towards the African Americans she discriminated against. However, Shelby continues disagreeing with Garcia’s sentiment. He says that he does not recognize how these circumstances are not considered racist, as her beliefs are the overall cause for these discriminations. These biases should be ethically racist as her decisions appropriated race as a definite factor in her decision making. Racism, according to Shelby, is a widespread belief that delivers oppression to a certain race. It is stated that racist beliefs are both necessary and sufficient for racism; racism is all in the mind, not in the heart. Surely while racial ill-will is a defining characteristic of racism, it does not solely define the concept. As Charles Mills argues in his critique of Garcia, â€Å"Heart Attack†, racism largely depends on one’s situation and the context. He provides 6 statements of ill-will to prove his point. They all focus on the aspect of race, but differ in their purpose or meaning. The odd numbered statements say things like â€Å"All white people (at all times and places) are bad†, while the even numbered statements voice that â€Å"White people (at this time and place) are bad.† This makes them easily distinguishable. The odd statements reflect ill-will without consideration for that group or the situation, whereas even numbered statements show ill-will or distaste based on time, location, situation, and other influences. It is all based on the context! For example, if someone says â€Å"All white people at the airport are rude†, there is no sufficient evide nce to support that, as it is lucidly bias. This may easily be viewed as racist. On the other hand, if an individual declares â€Å"All white people gather at this particular venue for a Klu Klux Klan meeting†, they noticeably have better evidence to back up their statement. They are also speaking about a precise group of white people, as opposed to the entire white population. Based on this insight, it can easily be argued that two of Mills’ examples do not show racist intent. These include his fourth statement, which shows distaste for a particular group because of their racial socialization, and his sixth statement which is aiming to punish guilty individuals of racial crimes. After profoundly considering these different views, racism to me, is thought of as any type of discriminatory ignorance and misplaced hatred towards another that possesses a particular skin color or ethnicity. Any belligerent verbal usage, physical bias, or any other forms of prejudice against someone constructed on the belief that their race is inferior, is deemed inequitable. Institutional and individual racial deliberations do not originate from the heart, but otherwise can spread others or arise from immoral situations. The thought that one individual is not born a racist, but is taught, generally elucidates that racist-minded people are not essentially born with the sense of hatred, but are raised to distrust, form stereotypes, and follow the prejudice that is shown around them. Garcia’s claim that racism is virtue ethical correlates with this, as these individuals have been raised or taught to believe in racist beliefs. Not to mention when reflecting on Garcia’s claim that institutional racism begins from an individual, this is a similar process from what he describes. In this case, racial discriminations are brought up and passed from other individuals or shown first-hand through society. Through families, individuals or society, patent bias can be taught through actions and words which inevitably lead to acts of intentional or accidental racism. Contrasting Garcia’s volitional account, one of Shelby’s main views discusses how racism can both result from intentional or nonintentional doings. One can communicate a racial misuse, verbal slur, or engage in an act of discrimination without realizing or having the intention to propose racial tenacities. Some societies are raised in customs that are taught certain prejudices are completely moral, whereas others may see this as discrimination and therefore have an issue with their acts. Since racism as a whole is a very wide topic, there are many different understandings of what truly is seen as immoral or acceptable. As Shelby approves, one does not need to necessarily be intentionally partaking in racist acts to be racist. On the other hand, some are certainly raised appropriately without the use of racism. There is a notion that racial opinions could possibly develop from a situation. An event in an individuals’ life may, in a sense, trigger racial thoughts or beliefs. For example, if the life of a woman’s baby is taken by a person of a certain race, she may begin to fear and have enormous amounts of hatred for not only that person, but their race as well. I feel that this is very rare, but is sure to happen amongst some people regarding their situations. This can be explained through Mills’ statements reflecting ill-will and it’s influences as everything is all based on the context it is put into. Throughout the years, judgements of what is actually deliberated as racism has dramatically increased. Many situations that occur in today’s society are misjudged and are considered racist, when it truthfully is not the case. In most of these instances, it is to receive attention or blame the person of whom they are being disrespectful towards. We see videos that go viral and stories all over social media between Police Officers and African Americans in most cases of which something has occurred and the officer has to take the man or woman away with them. They accuse the officer who is solely doing their job, of being racist and the video streams online. Instead of accepting the issue and abiding with the officer, bringing up their own race is many times the resort of taking attention off of themselves and blaming the wrongdoing on the officer. Of course this is only one example, and does not taken into consideration the many things that are missed off camera. Certainly in som e cases there are racist officers, but in many cases the racial context in which the African American is accusing, is false. This example entirely associates and well represents Garcia’s non-doxastic account of racism. Consequently, institutional and individual racism are expressed in opposing and diverse ways from many scholarly individuals such as Garcia, Shelby, and Mills. Racism is unjust no matter what race is being targeted, what context is being used, whether it is taught from others or society, or whether it is intentional or not. Discrimination can spread from individual hearts to inevitably contaminate people and institutions with their opinions, deliberations, and actions. Racism will always remain immoral whether it arises from individuals or institutions.